For about 450 occupations and 22 broad groups, this table shows what share of jobs require a given level of education, a license or certification, prior work experience and on-the-job training, and how much of the day workers spend sitting, standing and outdoors, from a U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics survey of employers. It is a survey of jobs, not of people: it says what employers require for the job, which can differ from what workers actually have. Occupations are listed alphabetically; click a column heading to sort by that column. Sorting is not a ranking of the occupations, and a higher or lower percentage is not better or worse.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Requirements Survey, 2023 estimates (bls.gov/ors), from the complete dataset file. Percentages are the share of jobs in the occupation. The 2023 estimates combine survey samples collected from September 2018 to July 2023. Education columns show the minimum education the employer requires (high school or less includes no minimum and vocational high school; associate’s includes vocational associate’s; bachelor’s or higher includes master’s, professional and doctoral degrees). “Less than 0.5%” is shown as 0%, and “more than 99.5%” as 100%. “<0.5%” and “>99.5%” are the bounds BLS publishes when a share is almost none or almost all of the workers; they are not exact 0% or 100%. For the education columns, which add several parts, a result such as “<2%” means the parts BLS published add to less than that and at least one part was only bounded (less than 0.5%), so the true total is under the number shown. In every column that adds parts (the three education columns and heavy work), a part BLS only bounds at less than 0.5% is counted as zero, so a total of 5% or more can be up to about half a point per such part too low. A dash means BLS did not publish a single figure: either only a range (such as “less than 5%”), or no estimate, or, for the education columns, one of the parts being added was not published. "License" counts jobs that require a license, a certification or an educational certificate (not a degree). Sitting includes lying down, and standing includes walking. Heavy work follows the strength levels used by the U.S. Department of Labor, which are about the force a worker exerts: heavy is roughly 50 to 100 pounds of force occasionally (25 to 50 pounds frequently), and very heavy is more than that; check the BLS definitions page for the exact wording. These are survey estimates with sampling error and are for civilian jobs (private industry and state and local government). MajorPays selected and reorganized these figures; BLS has not approved or endorsed this presentation. MajorPays does not provide advice. Occupation names link to the career page where one exists. See Data sources.