Operate underground loading or moving machine to load or move coal, ore, or rock using shuttle or mine car or conveyors. Equipment may include power shovels, hoisting engines equipped with cable-drawn scraper or scoop, or machines equipped with gathering arms and conveyor.
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Licensing, certifications and working conditions
State licensing. Loading and Moving Machine Operators, Underground Mining is licensed or registered in 3 of 57 states and territories, as reported by each state to CareerOneStop. A license often applies only to certain roles within a career, and records were last updated between 2010 and 2024, so confirm requirements with the state licensing board.
Certifications. CareerOneStop directly links 1 professional certification to Loading and Moving Machine Operators, Underground Mining. 1 of them are in CareerOneStop's "Core" group, for example: Coal Mine Rescue Teams. Certifications are voluntary credentials offered by the organizations named; listing one is not an endorsement.
Sources: CareerOneStop (licenses and certifications), part of the CareerOneStop suite of web products, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (working conditions, wages). MajorPays has reorganized this information; these agencies have not approved or endorsed it. See it interactively, with state-by-state detail →
More data on this career
Where the jobs are, and what they pay by industry. Nationwide, the industries that employ the most loading and moving machine operators, underground mining are Coal Mining (62% of the jobs counted, median pay $74,650), Metal Ore Mining (17% of the jobs counted, median pay $82,920), Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying (16% of the jobs counted, median pay $57,850), Support Activities for Mining (2% of the jobs counted, median pay $74,460) (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2025). Among large industries, the highest median pay is in Metal Ore Mining ($82,920), Coal Mining ($74,650), Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying ($57,850). Pay differs by industry for many reasons, including the mix of jobs and where employers are located.
Injury and illness rates. For the broader group "Extraction workers", which includes this career (BLS did not publish enough cases for this exact occupation), employers reported 87.3 nonfatal injury and illness cases with days away from work per 10,000 full-time workers, compared with 94.6 for all U.S. workers; the median case kept the worker away 30 days (all workers: 8) (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2023-2024). Rates reflect the work setting as well as the occupation.
Union membership. In the broad group "Construction and extraction", which includes this career, 16.4% of wage and salary workers belong to a union (all U.S. workers: 10.0%); median weekly pay is $1,561 for union members and $1,004 for workers not in a union (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, 2025). This is a group figure, not specific to loading and moving machine operators, underground mining.
Employer benefits. In the broad group "Natural resources, construction, and maintenance", which includes this career, 74% of civilian workers had access to an employer retirement plan, 79% had access to employer medical care benefits, and 78% had paid sick leave, 86% paid vacation and 89% paid holidays (all civilian workers: 75%, 74%, 83%, 77% and 79%) (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey, March 2026). This is a group figure, not specific to loading and moving machine operators, underground mining, and having access to a benefit does not mean every worker uses it. The Bureau of Labor Statistics has not endorsed this presentation. Employers spent about $48.59 per hour worked on total compensation for the occupational group "Natural resources, construction, and maintenance" in June 2026 ($32.96 in wages and salaries and $15.63 in benefits, 32.2% of the total; all civilian workers: $49.46, with 31.6% in benefits) (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employer Costs for Employee Compensation).
Work environment. In O*NET's survey of workers in this occupation, the conditions most often placed at the two highest levels for loading and moving machine operators, underground mining are: exposed to contaminants (93%), face-to-face discussions with individuals and within teams (90%), wear common protective or safety equipment such as safety shoes, glasses, gloves, hearing protection, hard hats, or life jackets (87%), spend time using your hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools, or controls (86%), work with or contribute to a work group or team (85%), exposed to hazardous equipment (84%). Each percentage is the share of respondents choosing the top two levels for that condition (for example 'most of the time' or 'continually'), so it describes how common the condition is in the job, not how a particular workplace is (O*NET 31.0 Database, U.S. Dept. of Labor, ETA, CC BY 4.0).
Typical preparation. In O*NET's survey of workers in this occupation, for related work experience, the most common answer (25% of 37 respondents) was "none"; for on-site or in-plant training, the most common answer (37% of 37 respondents) was "up to and including 1 month"; for on-the-job training, the most common answer (45% of 37 respondents) was "anything beyond short demonstration, up to and including 1 month". These are what workers report is needed to do the job; employers' requirements and individual paths vary (O*NET 31.0 Database, U.S. Dept. of Labor, ETA, CC BY 4.0).
Related careers. O*NET lists these occupations as similar to loading and moving machine operators, underground mining in the work done and the skills used: Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators, Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators, Surface Mining, Continuous Mining Machine Operators, Hoist and Winch Operators, Tank Car, Truck, and Ship Loaders, Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators, Crane and Tower Operators, Pile Driver Operators (O*NET 31.0 Database, U.S. Dept. of Labor, ETA, CC BY 4.0).
Compare loading and moving machine operators, underground mining with other careers (pay, growth, openings and education side by side).
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2024 PUMS (MajorPays' own estimates from the survey; Census is credited as the source of the original data and has not endorsed them); BLS Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses; BLS Current Population Survey; BLS National Compensation Survey (employee benefits); HRSA National Center for Health Workforce Analysis; U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Foreign Labor Certification (LCA disclosure data, FY2025). MajorPays has selected and reorganized these figures; these agencies have not approved or endorsed them. See it interactively →